Variant tricarboxylic acid cycle in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: identification of alpha-ketoglutarate decarboxylase.
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has tailored its metabolism for persistence within the human macrophage. The diversifications are more likely to contain Mtb’s core middleman metabolism, whose enzymes have been little studied. The tricarboxylic acid cycle is predicted to yield precursors for vitality, lipids, amino acids, and heme.
- The genome sequence of Mtb H37Rv predicts the presence of a whole tricarboxylic acid cycle, however we not too long ago discovered that alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KDH) exercise is missing in Mtb lysates.
Clostridium difficile Toxin A Antibody
- Right here we confirmed that citrate synthase, aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, fumarase, malate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase, however not KDH, are current, elevating the potential for separate oxidative and reductive half-cycles.
- As a possible hyperlink between the half-cycles, we discovered that Rv1248c, annotated as encoding SucA, the putative E1 part of KDH, as an alternative encodes alpha-ketoglutarate decarboxylase (Kgd) and produces succinic semialdehyde. Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase exercise was detected in Mtb lysates and recapitulated with recombinant proteins GabD1 (encoded by Rv0234c) and GabD2 (encoded by Rv1731).
DNA Polymerase for PAGE (with 2.5 mM dNTPs) Enzyme
- Kgd and GabD1 or GabD2 type an alternate pathway from alpha-ketoglutarate to succinate. Rv1248c, which is crucial or required for regular development of Mtb [Sassetti, C., Boyd, D. H. & Rubin, E. J. (2003) Mol. Microbiol 48, 77-84] is the primary gene proven to encode a Kgd. Kgd is missing in people and will signify a possible goal for chemotherapy of tuberculosis.
Clostridium difficile |
Oneq-VH005-OneqVH005100D |
Bioingentech |
Oneq-VH005-100D |
EUR 515 |
Clostridium difficile |
Oneq-VH005-OneqVH005150D |
Bioingentech |
Oneq-VH005-150D |
EUR 594 |
Clostridium difficile |
Oneq-VH005-OneqVH00550D |
Bioingentech |
Oneq-VH005-50D |
EUR 413 |
Clostridium difficile GDH |
5192 |
Virostat |
each |
EUR 270 |
Description: GDH |
Clostridium difficile GDH |
5193 |
Virostat |
each |
EUR 270 |
Description: GDH |
Clostridium difficile GDH |
5194 |
Virostat |
each |
EUR 270 |
Description: GDH |
Clostridium difficile GDH |
5195 |
Virostat |
each |
EUR 270 |
Description: GDH |
Clostridium difficile GDH |
5196 |
Virostat |
each |
EUR 270 |
Description: GDH |
Clostridium difficile antibody |
10-2724 |
Fitzgerald |
1 mg |
EUR 365 |
|
Description: Mouse monoclonal Clostridium difficile antibody (GDH specific) |
Clostridium difficile PCR kit |
PCR-VH005-48D |
Bioingentech |
50T |
EUR 543.6 |
Clostridium difficile PCR kit |
PCR-VH005-96D |
Bioingentech |
100T |
EUR 686.4 |
*Clostridium Difficile Supplement |
FD010-5X5VL |
EWC Diagnostics |
1 unit |
EUR 62.85 |
Description: *Clostridium Difficile Supplement |
Clostridium Difficile Toxin A |
CDA-TNL-100 |
The Native Antigen Company |
0.1 |
EUR 500.09 |
Description: Native toxin A purified from C. difficile. |
Clostridium Difficile Toxin A |
CDA-TNL-50 |
The Native Antigen Company |
0.05 |
EUR 284.5 |
Description: Native toxin A purified from C. difficile. |
Clostridium Difficile Toxin A |
CDA-TNL-500 |
The Native Antigen Company |
0.5 |
EUR 1908.52 |
Description: Native toxin A purified from C. difficile. |
Clostridium Difficile Toxin B |
CDB-TNL-100 |
The Native Antigen Company |
0.1 |
EUR 1497.73 |
Description: Native toxin B purified from C. difficile. |
Clostridium Difficile Toxin B |
CDB-TNL-50 |
The Native Antigen Company |
0.05 |
EUR 854.75 |
Description: Native toxin B purified from C. difficile. |
Clostridium Difficile Toxin B |
CDB-TNL-500 |
The Native Antigen Company |
0.5 |
EUR 5994.75 |
Description: Native toxin B purified from C. difficile. |
Clostridium difficile Toxin A (C. difficile toxA) Antibody |
abx411009-1ml |
Abbexa |
1 ml |
EUR 526.8 |
|
Clostridium difficile Toxin A (C. difficile toxA) Antibody |
abx414381-01mg |
Abbexa |
0.1 mg |
EUR 693.6 |
|
Clostridium difficile Toxin B (C. difficile toxB) Antibody |
abx414897-01mg |
Abbexa |
0.1 mg |
EUR 693.6 |
|
Clostridium difficile Toxin B (C. difficile toxB) Antibody |
abx414898-01mg |
Abbexa |
0.1 mg |
EUR 526.8 |
|
Clostridium difficile Toxin A (C. difficile toxA) Antibody |
abx411009-250g |
Abbexa |
250 µg |
EUR 350 |
Clostridium difficile Toxin A (C. difficile toxA) Antibody |
abx414381-200l |
Abbexa |
200 µl |
EUR 487.5 |
Clostridium difficile Toxin B (C. difficile toxB) Antibody |
abx414897-200l |
Abbexa |
200 µl |
EUR 487.5 |
Clostridium difficile Toxin B (C. difficile toxB) Antibody |
abx414898-200l |
Abbexa |
200 µl |
EUR 687.5 |
Clostridium difficile Toxoid A |
abx670094-50ug |
Abbexa |
50 ug |
EUR 1262.4 |
|
Clostridium difficile Toxoid B |
abx670095-50ug |
Abbexa |
50 ug |
EUR 1262.4 |
|
Clostridium Difficile Toxoid A |
CDA-TDL-100 |
The Native Antigen Company |
0.1 |
EUR 500.09 |
Description: Native toxin A purified from C. difficile strain VPI10463 (toxinotype 0), converted to inactive toxoid form. |
Clostridium Difficile Toxoid A |
CDA-TDL-50 |
The Native Antigen Company |
0.05 |
EUR 284.5 |
Description: Native toxin A purified from C. difficile strain VPI10463 (toxinotype 0), converted to inactive toxoid form. |
Clostridium Difficile Toxoid A |
CDA-TDL-500 |
The Native Antigen Company |
0.5 |
EUR 1908.52 |
Description: Native toxin A purified from C. difficile strain VPI10463 (toxinotype 0), converted to inactive toxoid form. |
Clostridium Difficile Toxoid B |
CDB-TDL-100 |
The Native Antigen Company |
0.1 |
EUR 1497.73 |
Description: Native toxin B purified from C. difficile strain VPI10463 (toxinotype 0), converted to inactive toxoid form |
Clostridium Difficile Toxoid B |
CDB-TDL-50 |
The Native Antigen Company |
0.05 |
EUR 854.75 |
Description: Native toxin B purified from C. difficile strain VPI10463 (toxinotype 0), converted to inactive toxoid form |
Clostridium Difficile Toxoid B |
CDB-TDL-500 |
The Native Antigen Company |
0.5 |
EUR 5600.54 |
Description: Native toxin B purified from C. difficile strain VPI10463 (toxinotype 0), converted to inactive toxoid form |
Clostridium Difficile Agar Base |
M836-500G |
EWC Diagnostics |
1 unit |
EUR 44.54 |
Description: Clostridium Difficile Agar Base |
Clostridium difficile Toxoid A |
abx670094-100g |
Abbexa |
100 µg |
EUR 987.5 |
Clostridium difficile Toxoid B |
abx670095-50g |
Abbexa |
50 µg |
EUR 1225 |
Clostridium difficile RT PCR kit |
RTq-VH005-100D |
Bioingentech |
100T |
EUR 860.4 |
Clostridium difficile RT PCR kit |
RTq-VH005-150D |
Bioingentech |
150T |
EUR 969.6 |
Clostridium difficile RT PCR kit |
RTq-VH005-50D |
Bioingentech |
50T |
EUR 717.6 |
Clostridium Difficile HiVeg Agar Base |
MV836-500G |
EWC Diagnostics |
1 unit |
EUR 44.54 |
Description: Clostridium Difficile HiVeg Agar Base |
Clostridium difficile Mannitol Taurochol |
M1976-500G |
EWC Diagnostics |
1 unit |
EUR 50.75 |
Description: Clostridium difficile Mannitol Taurochol |
Clostridium difficile Selective Suppleme |
FD320-5VL |
EWC Diagnostics |
1 unit |
EUR 37.25 |
Description: Clostridium difficile Selective Suppleme |
Clostridium difficile Toxin A protein |
30-1863 |
Fitzgerald |
10 ug |
EUR 568 |
|
Description: Purified Native Clostridium difficile Toxin A protein (ribotype 027) |
Clostridium difficile Toxin B protein |
30-1864 |
Fitzgerald |
10 ug |
EUR 654 |
|
Description: Purified Native Clostridium difficile Toxin B protein (ribotype 027) |
Clostridium difficile Toxin A protein |
30-1865 |
Fitzgerald |
10 ug |
EUR 682 |
|
Description: Purified Native Clostridium difficile Toxin A protein (ribotype 078) |
Clostridium difficile Toxin B protein |
30-1866 |
Fitzgerald |
10 ug |
EUR 870 |
|
Description: Purified Native Clostridium difficile Toxin B protein (ribotype 078) |
Clostridium Difficile Toxin A and B |
PCR-V039-PCRV03948D |
Bioingentech |
PCR-V039-48D |
EUR 230 |
Clostridium Difficile Toxin A and B |
PCR-V039-PCRV03996D |
Bioingentech |
PCR-V039-96D |
EUR 312 |
Clostridium Difficile Toxin A and B |
Oneq-V039-OneqV039100D |
Bioingentech |
Oneq-V039-100D |
EUR 515 |
Clostridium Difficile Toxin A and B |
Oneq-V039-OneqV039150D |
Bioingentech |
Oneq-V039-150D |
EUR 594 |
Clostridium Difficile Toxin A and B |
Oneq-V039-OneqV03950D |
Bioingentech |
Oneq-V039-50D |
EUR 413 |
Clostridium difficile Toxin A Antibody |
abx120033-1ml |
Abbexa |
1 ml |
EUR 1161.6 |
|
Clostridium difficile Toxin A Antibody |
abx120034-1mg |
Abbexa |
1 mg |
EUR 1053.6 |
|
Clostridium difficile Toxin B Antibody |
abx120035-1ml |
Abbexa |
1 ml |
EUR 961.2 |
|
Clostridium difficile Toxin B Antibody |
abx120036-1mg |
Abbexa |
1 mg |
EUR 794.4 |
|
Clostridium difficile Toxin A Antibody |
abx021624-1mg |
Abbexa |
1 mg |
EUR 1629.6 |
|
Clostridium difficile Toxin A Antibody |
abx021625-1mg |
Abbexa |
1 mg |
EUR 1195.2 |
|
Clostridium difficile Toxin A Antibody |
abx021626-1mg |
Abbexa |
1 mg |
EUR 1220.4 |
|
Clostridium difficile Toxin A Antibody |
abx021627-1mg |
Abbexa |
1 mg |
EUR 1220.4 |
|
Clostridium difficile Toxin B Antibody |
abx021628-1mg |
Abbexa |
1 mg |
EUR 1195.2 |
|
Clostridium difficile Toxin B Antibody |
abx021629-1mg |
Abbexa |
1 mg |
EUR 1195.2 |
|
Clostridium difficile Toxin B Antibody |
abx021630-1mg |
Abbexa |
1 mg |
EUR 1195.2 |
|
Clostridium difficile Toxin B Antibody |
abx021631-1mg |
Abbexa |
1 mg |
EUR 1195.2 |
|
Clostridium difficile Toxin B Antibody |
abx021632-1mg |
Abbexa |
1 mg |
EUR 1195.2 |
|
Clostridium difficile toxin B antibody |
10-1274 |
Fitzgerald |
1 mg |
EUR 910 |
|
Description: Mouse monoclonal Clostridium difficile toxin B antibody |
Clostridium difficile toxin B antibody |
10-1276 |
Fitzgerald |
1 mg |
Ask for price |
|
Description: Mouse monoclonal Clostridium difficile toxin B antibody |
Clostridium difficile Toxin A antibody |
20-CR65 |
Fitzgerald |
1 mg |
EUR 242 |
|
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Clostridium difficile Toxin A antibody |
Clostridium difficile Toxoid A protein |
30-1861 |
Fitzgerald |
500 ug |
EUR 447 |
|
Description: Purified Native Clostridium difficile Toxoid A protein |
Clostridium difficile Toxoid B protein |
30-1862 |
Fitzgerald |
100 ug |
EUR 1246 |
|
Description: Purified Native Clostridium difficile Toxoid B protein |
Clostridium difficile Toxin A antibody |
70-1004 |
Fitzgerald |
500 ul |
EUR 347 |
|
Description: Goat polyclonal Clostridium difficile Toxin A antibody |
Clostridium difficile Toxin A antibody |
70-1005 |
Fitzgerald |
100 ug |
EUR 567 |
|
Description: Affinity purified Chicken polyclonal Clostridium difficile Toxin A antibody |
Clostridium difficile toxin B antibody |
70-1017 |
Fitzgerald |
100 ug |
EUR 600 |
|
Description: Affinity purified chicken polyclonal Clostridium difficile toxin B antibody |
Clostridium difficile toxin B antibody |
70-1095 |
Fitzgerald |
1 mg |
EUR 480 |
|
Description: Purified goat polyclonal Clostridium difficile toxin B antibody |
Clostridium difficile toxin A antibody |
70-1096 |
Fitzgerald |
1 mg |
EUR 848 |
|
Description: Purified goat polyclonal Clostridium difficile toxin A antibody |
Clostridium difficile Antibody (Toxin B) |
GWB-437919 |
GenWay Biotech |
1 mg |
Ask for price |
|
Clostridium difficile Antibody (Toxin A) |
GWB-46CB07 |
GenWay Biotech |
1 ml |
Ask for price |
|
Clostridium difficile Toxin A Antibody |
GWB-47BE95 |
GenWay Biotech |
0.1 mg |
Ask for price |
|
Clostridium difficile Antibody (Toxin B) |
GWB-5554A5 |
GenWay Biotech |
1 ml |
Ask for price |
|
Clostridium Difficile Toxin A Antibody |
GWB-595798 |
GenWay Biotech |
0.1 mg |
Ask for price |
Clostridium Difficile Toxin B Antibody |
GWB-2FB8F7 |
GenWay Biotech |
0.1 mg |
Ask for price |
Clostridium difficile toxin B, Antibody |
GWB-176EB0 |
GenWay Biotech |
0.2 mg |
Ask for price |
|
Clostridium difficile toxin B, Antibody |
GWB-17ED1D |
GenWay Biotech |
0.2 mg |
Ask for price |
|
Clostridium difficile Antibody (Toxin A) |
GWB-8A6F10 |
GenWay Biotech |
0.1 mg |
Ask for price |
Clostridium difficile toxin B, Antibody |
GWB-A91789 |
GenWay Biotech |
0.2 mg |
Ask for price |
Clostridium difficile toxin B, Antibody |
GWB-A93A10 |
GenWay Biotech |
0.2 mg |
Ask for price |
Clostridium Difficile Toxin A Antibody |
GWB-6CA747 |
GenWay Biotech |
1 ml |
Ask for price |
Clostridium difficile Toxin B Antibody |
GWB-7E901E |
GenWay Biotech |
0.5 ml |
Ask for price |
Clostridium difficile toxin A, Antibody |
GWB-F89686 |
GenWay Biotech |
0.2 mg |
Ask for price |
Clostridium difficile Antibody (Toxin A) |
GWB-F0E748 |
GenWay Biotech |
1 mg |
Ask for price |
Clostridium difficile Antibody (Toxin B) |
GWB-D29B29 |
GenWay Biotech |
1 mg |
Ask for price |
Clostridium Difficile Toxin A Antibody |
GWB-D320AC |
GenWay Biotech |
0.1 mg |
Ask for price |
Clostridium difficile Antibody (Toxin A) |
GWB-D3263D |
GenWay Biotech |
0.1 mg |
Ask for price |
Clostridium Difficile Toxin B Antibody |
GWB-DD9B3B |
GenWay Biotech |
0.1 mg |
Ask for price |
Clostridium difficile toxin A, Antibody |
GWB-BE66E0 |
GenWay Biotech |
0.2 mg |
Ask for price |
Differential sensitivity to beta-cell secretagogues in cultured rat pancreatic islets uncovered to human interleukin-1 beta.
- The early levels of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are characterised by a selective incapacity to secrete insulin in response to glucose, coupled to a greater response to nonnutrient secretagogues. The poor glucose response could also be a results of the autoimmune course of directed towards the beta-cells.
Albumin (Capture / Detection) Antibody
- Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been prompt to be one potential mediator of immunological harm of the beta-cells. Within the current research we characterised the sensitivity of beta-cells to totally different secretagogues after human recombinant IL-1 beta (rIL-1 beta) publicity.
- Moreover, experiments had been carried out to make clear the biochemical mechanisms behind the faulty insulin response noticed in these islets. Rat pancreatic islets had been remoted and saved in tissue tradition (medium RPMI-1640 plus 10% calf serum) for five days.
SCCA1 (Capture / Detection) Antibody
- The islets had been subsequently uncovered to 60 pM human recombinant IL-1 beta throughout 48 h in the identical tradition circumstances as above and examined instantly after IL-1 publicity. The rIL-1 beta-treated islets confirmed a marked discount of glucose-stimulated insulin launch.
- Stimulation with arginine plus totally different glucose concentrations, and leucine plus glutamine partially counteracted the rIL-1 beta-induced discount of insulin launch. The actions of the glycolytic enzymes hexokinase, glucokinase, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, had been related in management and IL-1-exposed islets.
- Therapy with IL-1 additionally didn’t impair the actions of NADH+- and NADPH+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate-aspartate transaminase, glutamate-alanine transaminase, citrate synthase, and NAD+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase.
- The oxidation of D-[6-14C]glucose and L-[U-14C]leucine had been decreased by 50% in IL-1-treated islets. Moreover, there was a big lower within the ratios of [2-14C]pyruvate oxidation/[1-14C]pyruvate decarboxylation and L-[U-14C]leucine oxidation/L-[1-14C]leucine decarboxylation, indicating that IL-1 decreases the proportion of generated acetyl-coenzyme-A residues present process oxidation.
- Nonetheless, within the presence of IL-1 there was a big improve in L-[U-14C]glutamate oxidation. These mixed observations recommend that publicity to IL-1 induces a preferential lower in glucose-mediated insulin launch and mitochondrial glucose metabolism.
- This mitochondrial dysfunction appears to mirror an impairment in proximal steps of the Krebs cycle. It’s conceivable that the IL-1-induced suppression and shift in islet metabolism will be an evidence for the beta-cell insensitivity to glucose noticed within the early phases of human and experimental insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Ultra SYBR Green qPCR Master Mix (2X, with ROX I) |
W2601-1 |
101Bio |
1 mL |
EUR 149 |
Ultra SYBR Green qPCR Master Mix (2X, with ROX I) |
W2601-5 |
101Bio |
500 rxn, 5 mL |
EUR 349 |
CytoTraceâ„¢ Ultra Green |
21800 |
AAT Bioquest |
1 mg |
EUR 284 |
Description: CMFDA (5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate) has been used as a prominent cell tracker in the research community for a long time. |
CytoTraceâ„¢ Ultra Green |
21800-1mg |
AAT Bioquest |
1 mg |
EUR 278 |
|
Description: CMFDA (5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate) has been used as a prominent cell tracker in the research community for a long time. |
SYBR Green I |
B1747-25 |
Biovision |
each |
EUR 1396.8 |
SYBR Green I |
B1747-5 |
Biovision |
each |
EUR 464.4 |
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